China

History

China’s civilization is among the world’s oldest, tracing back over 5,000 years to the Yellow River Valley. Early dynasties like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou laid cultural foundations in governance, language, and social structures. Throughout millennia, powerful dynasties—including the Qin (which unified China and began the Great Wall), the Han (a golden age of arts and science), the Tang (a cosmopolitan era of trade and cultural exchange), and the Ming (known for maritime exploration and the completion of the Great Wall)—shaped China’s global influence.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, external pressures and internal strife led to significant upheavals. The Opium Wars, the fall of the Qing Dynasty, and the rise of the Republic introduced modern reforms. After World War II, the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 ushered in communist governance. Economic reforms starting in the late 1970s rapidly transformed China into a major global power. Today, the nation continues to balance tradition and modernity, with age-old customs and cutting-edge technology often existing side by side.

Population

China is the world’s most populous country, with over 1.4 billion people. The largest cities—like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou—are sprawling metropolises, each home to tens of millions. Ethnic Han Chinese make up the majority, but 55 recognized minority groups add to the nation’s cultural richness.

Notable Attractions & Things to Do

• The Great Wall: Stretching thousands of miles, it’s one of the world’s most famous landmarks.
• Forbidden City (Beijing): Once the imperial palace, this vast complex offers a glimpse into Ming and Qing dynasties.
• Terracotta Army (Xi’an): An underground army of life-sized statues dating back to the Qin Dynasty.
• Guilin & Yangshuo: Karst landscapes and picturesque rivers perfect for scenic cruises and cycling.
• Modern Skylines: Marvel at Shanghai’s futuristic skyline from The Bund or soar above the city in the Shanghai Tower.

Transportation

China’s transportation infrastructure is extensive. High-speed rail networks crisscross the country, making city-to-city travel fast and efficient. In urban areas, subways and buses are popular; Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou have some of the world’s most extensive subway systems. Taxis and ride-hailing apps (like Didi) are widely used but can get pricey over long distances.

Domestic flights connect distant regions, such as Xinjiang or Tibet, with major cities. For shorter distances, bullet trains are preferred for their speed and comfort. If you plan on traveling frequently, a prepaid transportation card (for subways and buses) is convenient.

Culture

Chinese culture is defined by Confucian values emphasizing respect for family, education, and social harmony. Festivals like the Chinese New Year (Spring Festival) and Mid-Autumn Festival are celebrated nationwide, highlighting family reunions and traditional customs. In addition to Mandarin, numerous dialects and minority languages are spoken throughout the country.

From calligraphy and martial arts to modern pop music and film, China’s cultural expressions are diverse. Regional cuisines—Cantonese, Sichuan, Hunan, and more—offer an endless range of flavors and dishes. Tea culture also remains integral, symbolizing hospitality and health.

Where to Stay

Accommodation options range from budget hostels in major cities to ultra-luxury hotels overlooking city skylines. International chains and Chinese brands offer a spectrum of choices, especially in urban centers like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. In rural areas, guesthouses and traditional courtyard homes (siheyuan) can provide authentic, local experiences.

Currency

The official currency is the Chinese Yuan (CNY), also known as RMB. Credit cards (Visa, MasterCard) are accepted in many establishments, though smaller shops may only accept cash or mobile payments (like WeChat Pay or Alipay). ATMs are readily available in cities.

Best Time to Visit

Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) generally offer mild temperatures and fewer crowds. However, holidays like Chinese New Year and Golden Week can significantly increase travel congestion and accommodation prices.

Average Prices

Mid-range hotel rooms in major cities can cost around USD $50–$100 per night, while budget accommodations are cheaper, and luxury hotels can go well beyond USD $200. Street food and local eateries offer meals for just a few dollars, whereas high-end restaurants in city centers can be significantly more expensive.

Fun Facts

• Chinese New Year celebrations last for 15 days, culminating in the Lantern Festival.
• There are over 290 spoken languages across China’s diverse ethnic groups.
• China has the world’s largest high-speed rail system, with tracks stretching over 40,000 kilometers.